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Реформи на Ататюрк: Разлика между версии

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| header = ЕлиминиранеПремахване на религиозните групировкигрупи от политическата арена
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| image1 = Dhikr Rifa-iyya.jpg
| caption1 = [[Суфизъм|Суфийските]] ордени се срещат на специални места, известни като [[теке]].
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The abolishment of Caliphate removed the highest religious-political position. This act left the Muslim brotherhoods (Muslim associations working as a society of Muslim believers for any purpose) who were institutionalized (religious-political representation) under the convents and the dervish lodges without higher organizing structure.
 
С отмяната на халифата отпада най-високият религиозно-политически пост. Така мюсюлманските братства, които преди били част от религиозно-политическото представителство чрез религиозните обители и дервишките ордени, остават без ръководство. Нещо повече, самите тези религиозни организации са забранени през 1925 г., като реформаторите се надяват, че елиминирането на присъщото им традиционно религиозно обучение и замяната им със система, в която оригиналните писмени извори са на достъпен език, е в състояние да преобрази исляма, като го отворят за прогреса и ще осъвремени и реформира обществото<ref name=Hanioglu150>{{cite book|last=Hanioglu|first=Sükrü|title=Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography|year=2011|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=150}}</ref>.
The reformers assumed that the original sources, now available in Turkish, would render the orthodox religious establishment (the ‘ulamā’) and the Ṣūfī ṭarīqas obsolete, and thus help to privatize religion as well as produce a reformed Islam (Turkish Reformation = Turkified).<ref name=Hanioglu149>{{cite book|last=Hanioglu|first=Sükrü|title=Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography| year=2011| publisher=Princeton University Press| page=149}}</ref> In 1925 institutions of religious covenants and dervish lodges were declared illegal.<ref>William Dalrymple: What goes round... The Guardian, Saturday 5 November 2005 {{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2005/nov/05/featuresreviews.guardianreview26|title=What goes round...| location=London|work=The Guardian|first=William|last=Dalrymple|date=November 5, 2005}}</ref>
 
The reformers imagined that the elimination of the orthodox and Ṣūfī religious establishments, along with traditional religious education, and their replacement with a system in which the original sources were available to all in the vernacular language, would pave the way for a new vision of Islam open to progress and modernity and usher in a society guided by modernity.<ref name=Hanioglu150>{{cite book|last=Hanioglu|first=Sükrü|title=Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography|year=2011|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=150}}</ref>
 
Following the multi-party period in 1950 the religious establishments (Islamist movements) returned. The [[Gülen movement]] is a transnational religious and social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar [[Fethullah Gülen]], which his movement is mainly active in education and interfaith dialogue however there are also substantial investments in media, finance, and for profit health clinics.<ref name="jbwhite">[https://books.google.com/books?id=wJ8S_wG06MEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=Abant&f=false Jenny Barbara White, Islamist Mobilization in Turkey: a study in vernacular politics, University of Washington Press (2002), p. 112]</ref>
 
=== Равноправие на жените ===
{{multiple image
| header = FirstПървите ofнародни their representatives.представителки
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|image1=First female MPs of the Turkish Parliament (1935).jpg
|caption1=Избирателни права за жените: 18 жени депутатки са избрани при изборите от 1935 г.
|caption1=[[Women's Suffrage]]: Eighteen female [[Member of Parliament|MPs]], 1935 general elections.
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|caption2=Жените като работна сила: Сабина Гьокчен е първата жена – военен пилот
|caption2=[[Women in the workforce]]: [[Sabiha Gökçen]], the first woman to fly during conflict.
|image3=Feriha Tevfik.gif
|caption3=[[FerihaФериха Tevfik]]Тефик, firstпървата everМис [[Miss Turkey]]Турция, 1929.
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{{See also|Women in Turkey}}
During a meeting in the early days of the new republic, Atatürk proclaimed:
Line 116 ⟶ 110:
In the following years of Atatürk's Reforms women's rights campaigners in Turkey differed from their sisters (and sympathetic brothers) in other countries. Rather than fighting directly for their basic rights and equality, they saw their best chance in the promotion and maintenance of Atatürk's Reforms, with its espousal of secular values and equality for all, including women.<ref>Nüket Kardam „Turkey's Engagement With Global Women's Human Rights“ page 88.</ref>
 
==== Участие в политическия живот ====
==== Равно участие ====
{{See also|Women in Turkish politics}}
The Ottoman society was a traditional one and the women had no political rights, even after the [[Second Constitutional Era]] in 1908. During the early years of the Turkish Republic educated women struggled for political rights. One notable female political activist was [[Nezihe Muhittin]] who founded the first women's party in June 1923, which however was not legalized because the Republic was not officially declared.
Взето от „https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Реформи_на_Ататюрк“.