Анархизъм: Разлика между версии

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'''Анархизмът''' (от [[гръцки език|гр.]] ''[[Wiktionary:αναρχία|αναρχία]]'', „без владетели“, „безвластие“) е [[политическа философия]] и обществено движение, което се застъпва за установяване на самоуправляващо се общество базирано на доброволни институции. Такъв тип общества често са описвани като бездържавни<ref>„ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies.“ George Woodcock. „Anarchism“ at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions." Peter Kropotkin. „Anarchism“ from the Encyclopædia Britannica
"Anarchism." The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. p. 14 „Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable.“ Sheehan, Sean. Anarchism, London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2004. p. 85
</ref><ref>In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions."&nbsp;Peter Kropotkin. „Anarchism“ from the Encyclopædia Britannica</ref>. Някои някои автори ги описват и като общества базирани на нейерархични свободни асоциации между хората<ref>„as many anarchists have stressed, it is not government as such that they find objectionable, but the hierarchical forms of government associated with the nation state.“ Judith Suissa.''Anarchism and Education: a Philosophical Perspective''. Routledge. New York. 2006. p. 7</ref><ref name=":0">„IAF principles“.&nbsp;[[International of Anarchist Federations]]. Archived from&nbsp;the original&nbsp;on 5 January 2012.&nbsp;<q>The IAF – IFA fights for&nbsp;: the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual.</q></ref>. &nbsp;Според анархизма, държавата е нежелана, ненужна и вредна<ref>Slevin, Carl. „Anarchism.“&nbsp;''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics''. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.</ref>.&nbsp;Анти-държавната позиция е централна,Анархизмът нозастава освен нея, анархизмът включвав опозиция на властта и йерархичната организация във всички човешки отношения.<ref name=":0" /><ref>"My use of the word hierarchy in the subtitle of this work is meant to be provocative. There is a strong theoretical need to contrast hierarchy with the more widespread use of the words class and State; careless use of these terms can produce a dangerous simplification of social reality. To use the words hierarchy, class, and State interchangeably, as many social theorists do, is insidious and obscurantist. This practice, in the name of a „classless“ or „libertarian“ society, could easily conceal the existence of hierarchical relationships and a hierarchical sensibility, both of which-even in the absence of economic exploitation or political coercion-would serve to perpetuate unfreedom."&nbsp;[[Murray Bookchin]].&nbsp;''The Ecology of Freedom: the emergence and dissolution of Hierarchy. CHESHIRE BOOKS''&nbsp;Palo Alto. 1982. Pg. 3</ref> Като следствие анархизмът се противопоставя на всяка форма на държавност.
 
Анархизмът се основава на много течения на мисълта и школи. Той не предлага фиксирано учение и един конкретен мироглед, a постоянно се изменя и възобновява като философия. В анархизма съществуват много течения и традиции, повечето от които са взаимно допълващи се. Анархизмът обикновено се счита за радикално лява идеология<ref>Usually considered to be an extreme left-wing ideology, anarchism has always included a significant strain of radical individualism, from the hyperrationalism of Godwin, to the egoism of Stirner, to the libertarians and anarcho-capitalists of today"