Спенсър (род): Разлика между версии

Родът е основан през 15 век от Хенри Спенсър (починал около 1478 г.), отродоначалник коготона всички членовепо-късни произхождатчленове. През 16 век възниква твърдението, че Спенсър е бил кадетски клон на древния род Le Despencer, макар че оттогава тази теория е развенчана, по-специално от Й. Хорас Раунд в есето му ''„The Rise of the Spencers“''. Спенсър за първи път получават [[герб]] през 1504 г., ''„Azure fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews’ heads erased Argent“,'' но той не прилича на гербовете, използвани от семейството след 1595 г., които са породени от герба на Despencer, ''„Quarterly Argent and Gules in the second and third quarters a Fret Or overall on a Bend Sable three Escallops of the first“'' ( ''гребените,'' означаващи разликата като кадетски клон). Раунд твърди, че произходът на Despencer е измислен от Ричард Лий, корумпиран крал на оръжията Кларенсио . <ref>Round, pp. 292 – 309</ref> Позовавайки се на Раунд, ''The Complete Peerage'' отхвърли предполагаемия произход от Despencer като „сложно самозванство“, което „сега не е в състояние да заблуди най-доверчивите“. <ref>[https://archive.org/stream/completepeerageo04coka#page/258/mode/2up The Complete Peerage, vol. 4, p. 259]. See also [https://archive.org/stream/ancestorquarterl02londuoft#page/188/mode/2up the Nov. 1902 edition of The Ancestor Quarterly], which described the Spencers as „that pushful house of shepherd kings“ with a „brand new and more than doubtful pedigree.“ Sounding a more gentle tone, Don Steel in the March 1996 edition of [http://www.sole.org.uk/factand.htm Soul Search] noted sadly that the pedigree forgery „obscures the real achievement of the Spencers of Althorpe. Alone, perhaps among the English nobility, the Spencers owed their riches and their rise not to the favour of a king or to the spoils of monasteries, nor even to a fortune made in trade, but to successful farming.“</ref> <ref>{{Цитат уеб|уеб_адрес=http://www.baronage.co.uk/bphtm-02/moa-01.html#Anchor-Despencers-47857|заглавие=The Spencers and The Despencers|автор=Round|първо_име=J. Horace|труд=The Baronage|издател=The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd|достъп_дата=1 January 2017|цитат="So it was Clarencieux King of Arms who foisted this pedigree on Sir John Spencer in 1595. The family had, by that time, largely increased its wealth, for Sir John's mother was a daughter of the well-known Sir Thomas Kytson, who had acquired a great fortune as a mercer in London. Lee, to whom Queen Elizabeth said that „if he proved no better“ than his predecessor Cooke, Clarencieux, „yt made no matter yf hee were hanged,“ must have felt that it was Sir John's duty to „pay, pay, pay“ for a new pedigree and coat. For a hungry King of Arms he was a marked man. Now we can understand how it was that the monument erected in or after 1596 displays the Despencer coat, while those already existing in the interesting Spencer chapel became bedecked, right and left, with the fruits of Lee's discovery. When the heralds next visited the county (1617 – 8), the new baronial pedigree was entered in all its splendour. The shepherd peer was now of the stock of „ye Earles of Winchester and Glocester.“ A year later he had soared higher; he was in direct male descent from „Ivon Viscount de Constantine,“ who had married, even before the Conquest, a sister of the „earl of Brittany.“ And now let me once more insist on the modus operandi of Clarencieux Lee, the original rascal and the „onlie begetter“ of this precious pedigree. He took from the records Spencers and Despencers wherever he could lay hands on them, fitted them together in one pedigree at his own sweet will, rammed into his composition several distinct families, and then boldly certified the whole as gospel truth. It is needless, after this exposure, to pursue further. We are, once more, simply dealing with one of those lying concoctions hatched within the walls of the Heralds' College, certified by its Kings of Arms, and still „on record“ among its archives. This, be it observed, is no case of a tradition rashly or credulously accepted. Clarencieux compiled the pedigree, as he said he had done, from records; but, with these records before him, he deliberately and fraudulently invented a descent which their evidence proves to be false. He knew, therefore, perfectly well that what he officially certified to be true was a lie of his own invention. Recorded by Vincent at the Visitation of 1617, accepted by Garter Segar, certified by Garter Heard: even in the present century, this impudent concoction is an instance of what we owe to the College of Arms. The pedigrees with which it is hardest to deal are those in which fact and fiction are cunningly intertwined. Here, for instance, it is perfectly true that John le Despencer married Joan, daughter (and heiress) of Robert le Lou (Lupus), who brought him the manor of Castle-Carlton, Lincolnshire. This we learn from the Lincolnshire Inquest taken after his death, which proves that Joan died without surviving issue, and that John held the manor, by the courtesy of England, until his death. John himself had inherited the manor of Martley, Worcestershire, which had been granted to his father by Henry III. The heralds must have seen the difficulty caused by its not descending to his alleged sons, but being, on the contrary, afterwards found in the hands of the Hugh Despencers. For they „doctored“ the pedigree accordingly. But their real crime was providing John with a wholly fictitious second wife, in order to make him the father of men with whom he had nothing to do."}}</ref> <ref>{{Цитат уеб|уеб_адрес=http://www.baronage.co.uk/bphtm-01/books-6a.html|заглавие=The Spencer Family|автор=Round|първо_име=J. Horace|труд=The Baronage|издател=The Baronage Press Ltd and Pegasus Associates Ltd|достъп_дата=1 January 2017|цитат="In 1504, John Spencer, an innovative and entrepreneurial yeoman, considered himself sufficiently successful to justify petitioning for a grant of arms. He was awarded Azure a fess Ermine between 6 sea-mews' heads erased Argent and could thenceforward be accounted a gentleman. (He was subsequently knighted by Henry VIII. ) At this time English society was still restructuring itself after the turmoil of the Wars of the Roses, and the gentry and the peerage were being restocked with new families seeking gentility. If at this time, 1504, John Spencer had any thought that he might be descended from the great mediaeval family of the Despencers, if there had been any legend among his kinsmen that this could be so, if there had been any chance that the suggestion would be taken seriously by the heralds, then he must have asked for arms similar to those of the Despencers and a note of his request and of its grounds would have been made in the records. As it was, the arms he was awarded could hardly be more dissimilar from those of the Despencers (here on the right), and there is no note. The arms granted in 1504 were used at least as late as 1576, and probably remained so in use until 1595, the year Richard Lee, Clarenceux King of Arms, visited the Spencer seat at Althorpe and „discovered“ the family's descent as cadets of the great Despencers. The consequences of this visit included a monument to the memory of his host's father being erected with the ancient Despencer arms (with the addition of three escallops in bend) displayed instead of the Spencer arms, and an earlier monument to the 1504 grantee, the first Sir John Spencer, having the 1504 Spencer arms removed and replaced with the Despencer arms. This rewrote history."}}</ref>

През 16-ти век СпенсъритеСпенсърови забогатяват и се издигат до известност. Сър Джон Спенсър (починал 1586) е рицар на Графството за Нортхемптъншир . Администрацията на Спенсъс в техните имения в Нортхамптъншър и Уорикшър служи за пример и често се подражава от знатните господа из цяла Англия. Овцете от пасищата им са закупувани за разплод и е вероятно успехът на семейството като земеделски производители рядко е бил дастиган през века. <ref name="History of Parliament Online">Sir John Spencer, History of Parliament Online (access date 20 July 2013)</ref>

В края на 16 век сър Робърт Спенсър (1570 – 1616) представлява Бракли в парламента. През 1601 г. той е направен [[Орден на жартиерата|рицар на жартиерата]] и получава титлата барон Спенсър от Уормлейтън в списъка с перовете на Англия през 1603 г. По време на управлението на [[Джеймс I (Англия)|крал Джеймс I]] той е бил смятан за най-богатият човек в Англия. Скромният произход на рода Спенсър като овцевъди навремето предизвиква разгорещен обмен на думи между заможните, но все още нови благородници Спенсър с по-утвърдените ХауърдиХауърдови, чиито предци по линията на ФицАланФиц Алан са били [[графове на АрунделАръндел]] от 13 век. По време на дебат в Камарата на Лордовете лорд Спенсър говорел за нещо, което великите им предци биха направили, когато внезапно граф Арундел го прекъсва: „Господине, по времето на тези неща, за които говориш, вашите предци гледаха овце ". Тогава лорд Спенсър мигновено отговори: „Когато моите предци, както казвате, гледаха овце, вашите предци замисляха предателство“.

[[Файл:The_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough's_genealogy.PNG|мини| Генеалогията[[Генеалогия]] на херцога на Марлборо. Без оцелял мъжки наследник Хенриета става 2-ра херцогиня на Марлборо . След смъртта иѝ през 1733 г. синът на Ан Чарлз става 3-ти херцог на Марлборо . ]]